Manufacturing Domain

The Manufacturing domain represents the structured entity within which the production of goods occurs. It focuses on the organizational identity, structure, and foundational characteristics that define how the manufacturing function is constituted and operates, including production lines, work orders, bills of materials, and inventory management.

Schema Version: 2.1
Schema Location: /schemas/manufacturing.schema.json
Specification: JSON Schema Draft-07

Overview

What is the Manufacturing Domain?

The Manufacturing domain captures the entire operational framework that governs production, inventory, quality, and resource management. The domain covers:

• Production Lines — Manufacturing lines and cells
• Work Orders — Production orders and scheduling
• Bills of Materials — Component structures and recipes
• Inventory Management — Stock control and tracking
• Quality Management — Quality control and assurance

This domain extends the Orthogramic Metamodel by providing frameworks for modeling manufacturing operations and their integration with supply chain.

Purpose and Value

The Manufacturing domain enables architects and planners to:

• Model production operations — Structure manufacturing processes
• Track work orders — Manage production scheduling
• Manage materials — Control bills of materials and inventory
• Monitor quality — Track quality metrics and compliance
• Optimize performance — Measure and improve OEE

For Data Engineers

The Manufacturing domain maps to MES and ERP data concepts:

• Production Line → Work center /equipment entity
• Work Order → Production order fact table
• Bill of Materials → BOM structure /component hierarchy
• Inventory → Inventory fact table
• Quality → Quality measurement data

Core Components

The Manufacturing domain uses an operations hierarchy:

1. Production Lines: Equipment, cells, and work centers
2. Work Orders: Production orders and scheduling
3. Bills of Materials: Component structures
4. Inventory: Materials and stock management
5. Quality Management: Quality control processes

Domain Attributes

Core Attributes

Attribute	Type	Description	Required
manufacturingID	String	Unique identifier	✓
title	String	Name/title of manufacturing entity	✓
description	String	Detailed explanation	✓
purpose	String	Strategic goal
owner	String	Responsible individual or team
manufacturingCategory	Enum	Type of manufacturing process
manufacturingFocus	Enum	Primary focus area
timeHorizon	Enum	Planning timeframe
scopeLevel	Enum	Organizational scope
strategicAlignment	String	Alignment with strategy
keyActivities	String	Critical implementation actions
resources	String	Allocated resources
keyPerformanceIndicators	Array[String]	Success metrics
dependencies	String	Required dependencies
risks	String	Associated risks
riskCategories	Array[Enum]	Risk categories
productionLines	Array[Object]	Production line elements
workOrders	Array[Object]	Work order elements
billsOfMaterials	Array[Object]	BOM elements
inventoryItems	Array[Object]	Inventory elements

Enumeration Values

Manufacturing Category (manufacturingCategory)

Value	Description	Example
Job Shop	Custom, low-volume	Custom machinery
Batch Production	Medium-volume batches	Pharmaceuticals
Mass Production	High-volume standardized	Consumer goods
Continuous Production	Non-stop processing	Chemicals, oil
Discrete Manufacturing	Individual units	Automotive
Process Manufacturing	Formula-based	Food, beverages

Manufacturing Focus (manufacturingFocus)

Value	Description
Cost Reduction	Minimize production costs
Quality Improvement	Enhance product quality
Lead Time Reduction	Shorten production cycles
Flexibility	Increase production flexibility
Sustainability	Reduce environmental impact
Automation	Increase automation level

Scope Level (scopeLevel)

Value	Description
Global	Worldwide operations
Continental	Multiple countries
Regional	Geographic region
National	Single country
Site-level	Individual facility
Line-level	Production line

Time Horizon (timeHorizon)

Value	Description
Short-term	0-1 year
Medium-term	2-3 years
Long-term	4+ years

Risk Categories (riskCategories)

Value	Description
Operational	Production disruptions
Financial	Cost overruns
Supply Chain	Material availability
Quality	Defect risks
Safety	Workplace safety
Environmental	Environmental compliance
Technology	Equipment failures

Production Line Elements

Attribute	Type	Description
lineID	String	Unique identifier
lineName	String	Name of production line
lineType	Enum	Type: Assembly, Fabrication, Packaging, Processing
capacity	Object	Production capacity
utilization	Object	Current utilization
equipment	Array[Object]	Equipment on line
staffing	Object	Personnel requirements
operatingHours	Object	Operating schedule
maintenanceSchedule	Object	Maintenance plan
oee	Object	Overall Equipment Effectiveness

Work Order Elements

Attribute	Type	Description
workOrderID	String	Unique identifier
workOrderType	Enum	Type: Production, Rework, Maintenance
product	String	Product being produced
quantity	Object	Ordered and completed quantity
scheduledStart	DateTime	Planned start
scheduledEnd	DateTime	Planned completion
actualStart	DateTime	Actual start
actualEnd	DateTime	Actual completion
status	Enum	Status: Planned, Released, In Progress, Complete, Closed
priority	Enum	Priority level
assignedLine	String	Production line assigned
materials	Array[Object]	Materials required

Bill of Materials Elements

Attribute	Type	Description
bomID	String	Unique identifier
productID	String	Finished product
bomType	Enum	Type: Engineering, Manufacturing, Service
bomVersion	String	Version number
effectiveDate	Date	Effective from
components	Array[Object]	Component items
operations	Array[Object]	Manufacturing operations
routings	Array[Object]	Production routings
alternatives	Array[Object]	Alternative components

Inventory Elements

Attribute	Type	Description
itemID	String	Unique identifier
itemName	String	Item description
itemType	Enum	Type: Raw Material, WIP, Finished Goods, MRO
quantityOnHand	Number	Current quantity
unitOfMeasure	String	UOM
location	String	Storage location
lotNumber	String	Lot/batch number
expirationDate	Date	Expiration if applicable
reorderPoint	Number	Reorder trigger level
safetyStock	Number	Safety stock level
valuationMethod	Enum	Method: FIFO, LIFO, Average, Standard

Domain Relationships

The Manufacturing domain integrates with other metamodel domains:

Target Domain	Relationship Type	Description
Supply Chain	Integration	Manufacturing part of supply chain
Products	Production	Products manufactured
Technology	Enablement	Technology enables manufacturing
Finance	Cost	Manufacturing costs tracked
Performance	Measurement	Manufacturing KPIs tracked
Quality	Assurance	Quality management
People	Resources	Workforce management
Risk	Assessment	Manufacturing risks
Sustainability	Impact	Environmental footprint
Organization	Structure	Org units manage manufacturing

Examples

Example 1: Global Manufacturing Operations

{
  "manufacturingID": "MFG-GLOBAL-001",
  "title": "Global Electronics Manufacturing Operations",
  "description": "Enterprise-wide manufacturing operations for consumer electronics across multiple facilities",
  "purpose": "To provide a canonical source of truth for manufacturing processes and enable operational excellence",
  "owner": "VP Global Manufacturing",
  "manufacturingCategory": "Discrete Manufacturing",
  "manufacturingFocus": "Quality Improvement",
  "timeHorizon": "Medium-term",
  "scopeLevel": "Global",
  "strategicAlignment": "Supports corporate goal of improving profit margins by 5% through operational excellence",
  "keyActivities": "Implement Lean Six Sigma program, invest in automation technology, standardize processes across sites",
  "resources": "$45M annual budget, 2,500 personnel across 8 facilities, new automation technology investment",
  "keyPerformanceIndicators": [
    "Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE)",
    "First Pass Yield",
    "Inventory Turnover Rate",
    "On-Time Delivery",
    "Cost per Unit"
  ],
  "dependencies": "Stable supply chain, strong IT infrastructure for MES integration, skilled workforce",
  "risks": "Equipment failure, labor shortages, supply chain disruptions, quality issues",
  "riskCategories": ["Operational", "Supply Chain", "Quality", "Technology"],
  "productionLines": [
    {
      "lineID": "PL-SMT-001",
      "lineName": "Surface Mount Technology Line 1",
      "lineType": "Assembly",
      "capacity": {
        "unitsPerHour": 5000,
        "operatingHoursPerDay": 20,
        "dailyCapacity": 100000
      },
      "utilization": {
        "currentUtilization": "82%",
        "targetUtilization": "90%"
      },
      "oee": {
        "availability": "95%",
        "performance": "88%",
        "quality": "99.2%",
        "overallOEE": "83%"
      },
      "equipment": [
        {"equipmentName": "Pick and Place Machine", "manufacturer": "ASM", "status": "Operational"},
        {"equipmentName": "Reflow Oven", "manufacturer": "Heller", "status": "Operational"},
        {"equipmentName": "AOI System", "manufacturer": "Koh Young", "status": "Operational"}
      ]
    },
    {
      "lineID": "PL-ASSY-001",
      "lineName": "Final Assembly Line 1",
      "lineType": "Assembly",
      "capacity": {
        "unitsPerHour": 1200,
        "dailyCapacity": 24000
      },
      "oee": {
        "overallOEE": "78%"
      }
    }
  ],
  "workOrders": [
    {
      "workOrderID": "WO-2025-001234",
      "workOrderType": "Production",
      "product": "Smartphone Model X",
      "quantity": {
        "ordered": 50000,
        "completed": 32500,
        "remaining": 17500
      },
      "scheduledStart": "2025-01-15",
      "scheduledEnd": "2025-01-25",
      "status": "In Progress",
      "priority": "High",
      "assignedLine": "PL-ASSY-001"
    }
  ],
  "billsOfMaterials": [
    {
      "bomID": "BOM-SMX-001",
      "productID": "PROD-SMX-001",
      "bomType": "Manufacturing",
      "bomVersion": "3.2",
      "components": [
        {"componentID": "COMP-DISPLAY-001", "description": "6.5in OLED Display", "quantity": 1},
        {"componentID": "COMP-BATTERY-001", "description": "4500mAh Battery Pack", "quantity": 1},
        {"componentID": "COMP-PCB-001", "description": "Main Logic Board", "quantity": 1},
        {"componentID": "COMP-CAMERA-001", "description": "Camera Module Assembly", "quantity": 1}
      ]
    }
  ]
}

Example 2: Process Manufacturing

{
  "manufacturingID": "MFG-PHARMA-001",
  "title": "Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Facility",
  "description": "GMP-compliant pharmaceutical manufacturing for tablet and capsule production",
  "manufacturingCategory": "Process Manufacturing",
  "manufacturingFocus": "Quality Improvement",
  "scopeLevel": "Site-level",
  "keyPerformanceIndicators": [
    "Batch Success Rate",
    "Right First Time",
    "Deviation Rate",
    "Equipment Availability"
  ],
  "riskCategories": ["Quality", "Operational", "Safety"],
  "productionLines": [
    {
      "lineID": "PL-TABLET-001",
      "lineName": "Tablet Press Line",
      "lineType": "Processing",
      "capacity": {
        "tabletsPerHour": 500000,
        "batchSize": "500kg"
      }
    }
  ]
}

Implementation Guidelines

Manufacturing Excellence Best Practices

1. Standardize processes — Define and document standard work
2. Measure performance — Track OEE and quality metrics
3. Enable visibility — Implement MES for real-time tracking
4. Optimize flow — Apply lean principles to reduce waste
5. Ensure quality — Build quality into the process

OEE Framework

Manufacturing Metrics Framework

Category	Metric	Description
Efficiency	OEE	Overall Equipment Effectiveness
Efficiency	Utilization	Capacity utilization
Quality	First Pass Yield	Units passing first time
Quality	Defect Rate	Defects per million
Delivery	On-Time Delivery	Orders delivered on time
Delivery	Lead Time	Production cycle time
Cost	Cost per Unit	Manufacturing cost per unit
Inventory	Turns	Inventory turnover rate

OpenMetadata Integration

For Data Platform Teams

When integrating with OpenMetadata, map Manufacturing entities as follows:

Orthogramic Element	OpenMetadata Entity	Notes
Production Line	Database	MES data source
Work Order	Table	Production order data
Bill of Materials	Table	BOM structure
Inventory	Table	Inventory data
Manufacturing KPIs	Dashboard	OEE dashboards

# Example: Map Manufacturing to OpenMetadata
def create_manufacturing_dashboard(manufacturing):
    """
    Map Orthogramic Manufacturing to OpenMetadata Dashboard
    """
    return {
        "name": manufacturing["manufacturingID"].lower(),
        "displayName": manufacturing["title"],
        "description": manufacturing["description"],
        "dashboardType": "manufacturing",
        "owner": {"name": manufacturing.get("owner", ""), "type": "user"},
        "tags": [
            {"tagFQN": f"ManufacturingCategory.{manufacturing['manufacturingCategory'].replace(' ', '_')}"},
            {"tagFQN": f"ManufacturingFocus.{manufacturing['manufacturingFocus'].replace(' ', '_')}"},
            {"tagFQN": f"Scope.{manufacturing['scopeLevel']}"}
        ],
        "charts": [
            {
                "name": "oee_trend",
                "displayName": "OEE Trend",
                "chartType": "line"
            },
            {
                "name": "production_output",
                "displayName": "Production Output",
                "chartType": "bar"
            },
            {
                "name": "quality_metrics",
                "displayName": "Quality Metrics",
                "chartType": "gauge"
            }
        ]
    }

Schema Reference

• Repository: Orthogramic/Orthogramic_Metamodel
• Schema Location: /schemas/manufacturing.schema.json
• Version: 2.1
• Specification: JSON Schema Draft-07
• License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 (CC BY-SA 4.0)

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